Federal Circuit

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In a pivotal ruling for patent damages and standard-essential patent (SEP) litigation, the Federal Circuit vacated a $300 million award against Apple in a long-standing dispute with Optis Cellular Technology, LLC. See Optis Cellular Tech., LLC v. Apple Inc. (“Op.”). The Federal Circuit sided with Apple on multiple fronts—vacating the damages and infringement findings, reversing § 101 findings on the claims of one of Optis’s patents, and reversing a finding that another patent did not invoke 35 USC § 112 ¶6 (The patent at issue was issued pre-AIA so §112(f) is referred to as 112 ¶ 6 as in the original statute language). The Court also affirmed claim construction of certain terms and held the lower court abused its discretion under Federal Rules of Evidence 403 by admitting certain damages evidence and testimony from Optis.

The Federal Circuit’s decision in Eye Therapies, LLC v. Slayback Pharma, LLC  provides further insight into the tools available for patent claim construction. The Federal Circuit had previously held that a patent’s specification can evidence that the patentee intended for a term in the patent claims to have a different…

In April, the Federal Circuit issued a significant patent law ruling involving artificial intelligence. In Recentive Analytics, Inc. v. Fox Corp, the Court addressed a core question facing many AI-driven businesses: When are solutions applying machine learning to real-world problems inventive and patentable? The Federal Circuit affirmed the trial court’s dismissal of the underlying case at the pleading stage under § 101 and held that applying generic machine learning models to scheduling and programming tasks—without disclosing any technological advances to the underlying machine learning techniques—failed to meet the eligibility standards under 35 U.S.C. § 101.

Admissibility standards for patent damages experts has come under scrutiny. Previously, we highlighted the EcoFactor v. Google case regarding Google’s petition for rehearing en banc to address the admissibility of EcoFactor’s damages expert and the parties’ oral argument before the Court. On May 21, 2025, the Federal Circuit issued an 8-2 decision, ordering a new damages trial and overturned the $20 million verdict against Google. The Court found that the district court committed reversible error by allowing EcoFactor’s damages expert to testify at trial.

In what is certain to become a landmark decision, the Federal Circuit has resolved a long-standing question that divided patent litigators and judges alike: does IPR estoppel apply to physical systems (“system art”) described in patents or printed publications? The Court answered with a resounding “no.” See Ingenico Inc. v. IOENGINE (“Op.”). While such systems may qualify as prior art under 35 U.S.C. §§ 102 or 103, the Court reaffirmed that “Congress excluded [them] in IPR proceedings.” Id. at 13.

The Supreme Court recently declined to review a Federal Circuit decision that could have significant implications for patent owners that rely on the Amazon Patent Evaluation Express (“APEX”) program.  

The APEX program offers a streamlined way for utility patent owners to request removal of allegedly infringing product listings on Amazon.com, without filing a suit in district court. To initiate the process, the patent owner identifies up to 20 product listings that allegedly infringe one claim of a patent. Amazon then notifies the sellers, who may (1) agree to an independent infringement analysis by a neutral third party, (2) engage with the patent owner directly to resolve the dispute, (3) file a declaratory judgment action in U.S. district court, or (4) do nothing—at which point Amazon removes the product listings.

The Federal Circuit issued a precedential opinion on March 4, 2025, that serves as valuable guidance for product-by-process claims, particularly in the context of inherency in claim construction. In Restem, LLC v. Jadi Cell, LLC, the Court affirmed the Patent Trial and Appeal Board’s inter partes review final written decision in favor of the patent owner, Jadi Cell, LLC, upholding claims in U.S. Patent No. 9,803,176 (the “ ’176 Patent”) directed to stem cells derived from umbilical cord subepithelial layer (“SL”) tissue with specific cell marker expressions (“Claimed Cells”).

Mirror Worlds Technologies, LLC (“Mirror Worlds”) sued Meta Platforms, Inc. (“Meta”)—formerly Facebook, Inc.—in the Southern District of New York for patent infringement. The lawsuit involved three patents related to storing, organizing, and presenting data in time-ordered streams. These patents purportedly introduced a unique method for automatically storing documents in chronological order with timestamps. Mirror Worlds accused several Facebook features, including the News Feed, Timeline, and Activity Log, of infringing these patents.

A recent precedential decision by the Federal Circuit in Apple Inc v. Gesture Technology Partners, LLC, decided on March 4, 2025, has affirmed the Patent And Trial Appeal Board’s inter partes review (IPR) mixed ruling on appeal. The IPR relates to U.S. Patent No. 7,933,431 titled “Camera Based Sensing in Handheld, Mobile, Gaming, or Other Devices,” issued to Gesture Technology Partners, LLC (“GTP”). The Board’s final written decision had found all claims unpatentable, except claims 11 and 13. Apple appealed as to claims 11 and 13 and GTP cross-appealed as to the remaining claims. This blog post gives an overview of the recent decision and provides some reminders and takeaways for litigation and IPR counsel-alike.